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Health issues were largely an individual concern until rapid industrialisation and urbanisation brought large-scale problems of pollution and epidemics, leading to a growing interest in public health. Subsequent environmental changes have led to concern about the health of ever wider systems, of which human communities are often only a small – if increasingly significant – part. These environmental changes can be both local, the cumulative effects of which are increasingly important, such as air and water pollution; and global, as in the case of climate change. Indeed, it is now apparent that not only are such changes occurring at an alarming rate, but that some, to all intents and purposes, may be irreversible. The implications are serious and wide-ranging, with profound implications for the health of individuals and communities. Masterminded by Sir Crispin Tickell, then Warden of Green College Oxford, the main focus of the Foundation’s First Consultation was on the effects of environmental change on human health – and how policy-makers and their advisers interpret and respond to such dynamic processes. Integration! Integration! Integration! Among the key conclusions:
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